Sleep deprivation can adversely effect the brain and cognitive function. The brain tends to try hard to compensate for the lack of sleep in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. The activity in this region is very active when a person has been deprived of sleep for a long time.
The parietal lobe which controls memory function in your the brain is effected and less efficient when the person has less sleep. The performance of people with sleep deprivation declines greatly at the less sleep someone has.
Lack of sleep has a negative effect on a person's emotional state and dealing with emotional situations. But lack of sleep, has been found to help clinical depression because it mimics selective serotonin reuptake inhititors that cause the depressive state. The neurotransmitters in the brain increase to help with the depletion found in clinically depressed people.
Insomnia has been shown to reduce cortisol secretion the next day which controls reactions to stress and regulates body functions such as digestion, the immune system, mood, sex drive, or energy usage.
The lack of sleep associated with insomnia does not effect the healing process of the body, by a study conducted in 2005. But there was a study in 2004 that did see some problems with sleep deprivation and the healing process so the evidence is not conclusive.
Attention and Impairment of ability are significantly decreased while sleep deprivation increases. Attention lapses can cause traffic accidents and industrial accidents can result from inattentiveness attributable to sleep deprivation. People who drove after being awake for 17-19 hours performed worse than those with a blood alcohol level of .05 percent, which is the legal limit in most European countries and Australia. A person being awake for 21 hours had the equivalent to a blood alcohol content of .08 percent which is the legal limit in Canada, U.S. and U.K.
In rats, prolonged, complete sleep deprivation increases both food intake and energy expenditure, however a hormone imbalance was observed, leading to weight gain and ultimately death
Melatrol is comprised of a proprietary blend of different natural ingredients including Melatonin. Melatonin is produced by your body to help you sleep at night and many different sleep aids use this ingredient as part of their blend. Well, the people at Melatrol have a proprietary blend of 1,302 mg and only 3 mg of that blend is actual Melatonin. But from reading their website they make it seem as though Melatonin is the only active ingredient in the entire product. 
